King® RS-D1
King® RS-D1 is a rapid hardening shotcrete mix formulated for dry-process applications. It is a pre-blended, pre-packaged, dry-process shotcrete material powered by Rapid Set® technology, containing controlled blended aggregates and other carefully selected components. King® RS-D1 offers enhanced shooting characteristics, greatly reduced setting times and very rapid strength development.
- Very high early strength for a reduced construction schedule
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, and salt-scaling resistance
Usage
- Rehabilitation of concrete bridges, dams, reservoirs, subway tunnels, marine structures, and parking ramps
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers, and water pipes
- New construction including slope stabilization, soil-nailing, shaft, and tunnel lining
- Ground support applications for mining, tunneling, and other underground openings
- Rehabilitation of marine structures
- Lining and rehabilitation of sewers, and other tunnels
Advantages
- Very high early strength for a reduced construction schedule
- Improved performance in presence of running water
- Air-entrainment provides superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, and salt-scaling resistance
- Allows earlier re-opening of traffic lanes on bridges, and earlier reentry times in tunnels and parking garages
- Low modulus of elasticity and low drying shrinkage, reducing cracking potential
- Simplified curing method to accelerate construction schedule
- Significantly reduced rebound, resulting in lower material usage
- Superior ability to build greater thicknesses in a single pass, in both vertical, and overhead orientations
- Improved resistance to water washout
- Improved resistance to sulfate attack
- Very low permeability
- Compatible with integral, pre-applied, and/or post-applied corrosion inhibitors*
- Designed with natural normal-density non-reactive aggregates to eliminate potential alkali-aggregate reactivity (AAR)
- Synthetic fibres reduce cracking caused by intrinsic stresses
- Type III synthetic fibre in accordance with ASTM C1116
- Grade FR Class I shotcrete in accordance with ASTM C1480
- Corrosion inhibitor protects steel reinforcing and other metals embedded in concrete from corrosion induced by carbonation or chlorides
- Pre-blended corrosion inhibitor provides the correct dosage to enhance corrosion protection
- Different grades of RS-D1 ST with higher and lower dosages of steel fibre are available upon request.
- For King® RS-D1 with synthetic fibres and Gradation No. 2, the name of the product would be King® RS-D1 SY G2.
Packaging
- 30 kg (66 lb) bags
- 1 000 kg (2 205 lb) FIBC
- Products containing macro-synthetic fibres (MF) or steel fibres (ST) can only be packaged in bulk bags (FIBC).
*Custom packaging is available to suit specific project requirements
Product Details
APPROVALS / CERTIFICATES
GRADATION
- By default King® RS-D1 & King® RS-D1 ST are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 1
- King® RS-D1 G2 & King® RS-D1 ST G2 are blended to meet ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete”, Table 1.1, Gradation No. 2
Shelf Life
12 months in original packaging, unopened
Storage Conditions
Material should be stored in a dry, covered area, protected from the elements. For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Underground environments
Physical properties may be adversely affected if material is stored in temperatures below 5°C ( 40°F), material stored below these temperatures should be allowed to warm to ambient underground temperatures before shooting.For optimum performance it is recommended to store the material between 5°C ( 40°F) and 35°C (95°F) .
Compressive Strength
| 50 % HUMIDITY CURE | |
| 1 hour | 10 MPa (1 500 psi) |
| 2 hours | 15 MPa (2 175 psi) |
| 3 hours | 21 MPa (3 000 psi) |
| 1 day | 25 MPa (3 625 psi) |
| 50 % HUMIDITY CURE | |
| 7 days | 32 MPa (4 640 psi) |
| 28 days | 38 MPa (5 500 psi) |
Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
| MODULUS OF ELASTICITY | ASTM C469 |
| 28 days | 25.3 GPa |
Tensile Strength in Flexure
| ASTM C78 |
| 28 days | 5.4 MPa (785 psi) |
Shrinkage
| UNIAXIAL DRYING SHRINKAGE | ASTM C157 |
| 28 days | 400 μm/m |
Porosity
| AIR CONTENT | ASTM C457 |
6 % ± 2 %
| MAXIMUM AIR VOID SPACING FACTOR | ASTM C457 |
300 µm
| BOILED ABSORPTION | ASTM C642 |
| 28 days | 6.0 % |
| MAXIMUM VOLUME OF PERMEABLE VOIDS | ASTM C642 |
| 28 days | 15.0 % |
Freeze thaw resistance
| 28 days | 100 % (Excellent durability factor) |
Salt Resistance
| SALT SCALING RESISTANCE | ASTM C672 |
0.6 kg/m2 (0.12 lb/ft2)
Application
Setting Time
| Initial | 5-10 minutes |
| Final | 10-20 minutes |
Yield
- Approx. 0.014 m3 (0.5 ft3) / 30 kg (66 lb) bag
- Approx. 0.45 m3 (16.5 ft3) / 1 000 kg (2 205 lb) bag
*Yield in service may slightly vary according to project conditions
SURFACE PREPARATION
| FOR APPLICATION AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE +5 °C (40 °F) |
ROCK SURFACES: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. Clean the area with potable water, leaving the substrate saturated but free of standing water (SSD).
REPAIR OR REHABILITATION: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 20 mm (¾ in) clearance behind any corroded reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be saw-cut a minimum of 20 mm (¾ in). Clean the area to be repaired with potable water, leaving the concrete saturated but free of standing water (SSD)
| FOR APPLICATIONS AT TEMPERATURES BELOW +5 °C (40 °F) |
ROCK SURFACES:All surfaces to be in contact with the product must be free from dust, oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated rock. To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between the product and the substrate.
REPAIR OR REHABILITATION: All surfaces to be in contact with product must be free from oil, grease or any other foreign substances that may interfere with the bond of the material. Remove all loose or delaminated concrete providing a roughened surface and a minimum of 25 mm (1 in) clearance behind the reinforcing steel. The perimeter of the repair area should be sawcut a minimum of 20 mm (¾ in). To avoid freezing of the interface between the shotcrete and the parent concrete, do not pre-wet the receiving surface. Pneumatically remove any free standing or other fine particles that may interfere with the bond between the product and the substrate. Do not apply when ambient temperature is below or is expected to fall below -5 °C (20 °F) within six (6) hours following the application of shotcrete. Do not apply when temperature of receiving surface is below -5 °C (20 °F). Material and mixing water temperature must be maintained between +20 °C and +30 °C (70 °F and 86 °F).
APPLICATION
Apply product in accordance with the ACI 506 “Guide to Shotcrete” publication.
OPTIMUM PERFORMANCE
- King® RS-D1 & King® RS-D1 ST should not be applied when ambient and substrate temperatures are below -5 °C (20 °F) or when ambient, substrate and material temperatures are above +35 °C (95 °F).
- For adverse temperatures, follow ACI recommendations for Cold/Hot Weather Concreting.
TEMPERATURES BELOW 5°C (40°F):
Do not apply King® RS-D1 when ambient temperature is below or is expected to fall below –5 °C (20 °F) within 6 hours following the application of shotcrete.
Do not apply when temperature of receiving surface is below –5 °C (20 °F). Material temperature should be maintained above 10 °C (50 °F) at the time of application.
CURING TREATMENT
In order to reduce the construction schedule, this product was developed and tested using a simplified curing method consisting of applying two (2) coats of a water-based curing compound in compliance with ASTM C309.
FOR APPLICATIONS AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 5 °C (40 °F)
Immediately after shotcrete reaches final set, apply two (2) coats of a resin-based liquid membrane curing compound approved for use in cold weather conditions.
CLEAN UP
Clean all tools and equipment immediately after use with water. Once hardened, material can only be removed mechanically.